Chapter 4 - Cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in aging process

Abstract

Cellular senescence is a peculiar cellular state, characterized by cell-cycle arrest by the acquisition of a proinflammatory secretory phenotype (SASP). The senescent phenotype can be triggered by a number of different stimuli and can be both beneficial and detrimental depending on the cell types and biological contexts. We revisited several decades of research on the characterization of cellular senescence, on the identification of pathways stimulating the appearance of SASP, and on the role played by senescent cells in aging process, as well as in the development and progression of the most common age-related diseases. We also discussed the possible role exerted by specific noncoding RNAs, i.e., microRNA and extracellular vesicles (EVs), as SASP components. Finally, we discussed the possibility of target senescent cells with natural or synthetic senolytic compounds, to improve healthy aging trajectories: the recent impressive results obtained in animal models are paving the way for a new era of healthier and longer life for humans.