Abstract
The DNA contains all the genetic information necessary to create a living organism. However, in eukaryotic cells large parts of the DNA are tightly packaged into chromatin structures inaccessible to transcription factors and other DNA-interacting proteins. This packaging, and its controlled opening to expose otherwise occluded DNA sequences, provides an important mean to regulate access to this genetic information. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers have evolved to carry out this function. They bind to the smallest DNA packaging units, the nucleosomes, and utilize the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to reposition them, eject them, or influence their assembly and composition. The action of chromatin remodeling enzymes can thus either increase or decrease the accessibility of the DNA to factors that regulate nuclear functions, thereby exerting control over subsequent events, in particular transcription, DNA replication, or DNA repair. This chapter reviews the four main families of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers and their role in the biological processes of development, cancer, and aging.
Published Version
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