Abstract
In this chapter, we have tried to demonstrate that working memory (WM) is evolving from infancy to adulthood. This development is appreciated in psychological, structural, electrophysiological, and blood flow changes (neurochemistry being less accessible because of the invasive nature of its measurement). The performance and the neural networks related to WM shows a continuous change of the brain structure and functionality influencing WM improvement. The improvement in performance is accompanied by changes in event-related potentials, which reduce amplitude with age but also show changes in polarity. Similarly, brain areas are related to WM during different developmental stages; although brain activity is centered in frontoparietal networks during the whole studied period of development, these networks showed changes in the intensity of activation across different ages. WM impairment forms part of the differential phenotype of developmental impairments as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and early-onset schizophrenia.
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