Abstract
Under oxidative stress or enzymatic reactions, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) becomes oxidized (oxLDL). oxLDL activates endothelial cells and macrophages, initiating the inflammatory response in the arterial wall, thus contributing to atherosclerosis development. Contradictory and inconclusive results have been observed in studies using antioxidant-supplement therapies for cardiovascular diseases (meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials). Conversely, a large number of studies suggest that the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods reduces the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Here, the mechanisms involved in oxidation of LDL and studies about antioxidant supplement therapies versus antioxidant-rich foods in the prevention and treatment of the cardiovascular disease are discussed.
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