Abstract
Obesity is related to higher cancer risk; this relationship involves metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal imbalances. Chronic inflammation is associated with obesity and the release of adipokines, cytokines, growth factors, and hormones that act in specific cells, promoting a protumorigenic microenvironment. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for sustained weight loss in morbidly obese subjects. This procedure is also associated with cancer risk reduction, as shown in recent observational studies. Decreased inflammation and oxidative stress, enhanced insulin sensitivity, lower steroid hormonal secretion, and less genomic damage, combined with increased antineoplastic response and improved adiponectin–leptin ratios, are potential mechanisms associated with cancer risk reduction after surgery. In summary, effective weight loss through bariatric surgery appears to reduce the risk of several cancers, highlighting an additional benefit of this procedure.
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