Abstract
For decades, probiotics have been used for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. However, their consumption may not be totally risk free. Due to this, many countries and health authorities have regulations that guide the use and marketing of probiotics. In this review, we discuss the potential risks associated with probiotic consumption including their potential risk of deleterious metabolic activities and/or production of host-deleterious metabolites, systemic infections, inappropriate immune responses in vulnerable populations, and their ability to transfer antibiotic resistance genes to pathogens. The administration of probiotics to immunocompromised individuals should be done with caution.
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