Abstract
Providing anesthetic care for infants and children poses unique challenges because of the profound differences in physiology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of anesthetic drugs, and the wide variety of procedures that these patients undergo, which are often very different from the adult population. The developmental physiology, pharmacology, fluid and transfusion therapy, and airway management in pediatric anesthesia will be defined. Anesthetic considerations and techniques in pediatric patients, especially in neonates, who are the most unique group of pediatric patients, will be reviewed. The field of fetal surgery will be addressed, and finally, the growing area of anesthesia in remote locations for pediatric patients and anesthetic neurotoxicity in the developing brain will be discussed briefly.
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