Abstract
The application of functional brain mapping has instigated a continual evolution of image analysis techniques designed to identify significant changes in blood flow. It is routine to perform pixel-by-pixel statistical comparisons. The chapter explains that this advance has reduced observer bias, but the use of pixel-by-pixel statistic techniques is compromised by the large number of pixels that can be included in an analysis. Friston showed that the number of independent resolving elements in an image space is less than the total number of pixels and that the correction for number of independent elements could be reduced by using images of greater smoothness. The chapter highlights that this notion was formalized when connected to the theory of random Gaussian fields.
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