Chapter 32 - Invertebrates as Model Organisms for Research on Aging Biology

Abstract

Invertebrates have proven to be valuable model systems for the study of aging. The best established of these models the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have demonstrated that life span and health span can be manipulated genetically and extended with drugs, diet, exercise, and environmental change. However, these classic models have limitations in that both have very limited regeneration capabilities and are members of the superphylum Ecdysozoa. In contrast, several newer models, the tunicate Ciona, the urochordate Botryllus schlosseri, and sea urchins (Echinodermata) are Deuterostomia species and therefore more closely related to vertebrates. Other species, such as Hydra, are capable of extensive regeneration. Another new model, Daphnia, although an Ecdysozoan, nevertheless, has extensive other studies on toxicological responses and may also prove valuable in the study of aging. Recent results with these model systems are reviewed and future research needs are highlighted for the study of aging.