Abstract
Scaphoid nonunions are well known to be problematic, especially in cases with humpback deformity, long-standing nonunions with cysts and bone loss and fragmented proximal pole, nonunions with several previous surgeries, and nonunions with avascular proximal pole necrosis. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the published evidence for the use of nonvascularized and vascularized bone grafts in problematic scaphoid nonunion.
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