Abstract
The differential is the device that divides the torque input from the propeller shaft equally between the two output shafts to the wheels, regardless of the fact that they may be rotating at different speeds, for instance on rounding a corner. The bevel pinion can be likened to a balance beam pivoted at its center, its ends registering between pairs of teeth on the differential gears. The bevel final drive is sometimes arranged in a different manner, generally because some other difference in axle construction necessitates the change. For any given speed difference, however, the shaft-to-shaft layout has approximately three times the locking torque of the shaft-to-carries design. It is therefore the preferred layout for applications in which the space available is restricted and high torques are to be transmitted.
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