Abstract
Human cerebral cortex shows the dramatic areal expansion and folding during fetal life with the most prominent and dynamic genetic regulation. The position of early sulcal folds appears to be associated with cortical functional areas predetermined from genetic protomap, and specific patterns of sulcal folding have been hypothesized to relate to optimal organization and arrangement of the functional areas and their white matter connections. As primary sulcal folding pattern is prenatally determined and neurodevelopmental disabilities associated with abnormal pattern may have a prenatal origin, it is needed to develop and use in vivo fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis techniques to provide a predictive model of postnatal brain development and neurodevelopmental disability risk from early fetal life. Recent advances in fetal MRI analysis allow us to quantify and characterize normal and abnormal sulcal development and detect early-emerging subtle abnormalities in cortical sulcal pattern in several brain developmental disorders.
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