Abstract
Coevolution can be defined as evolutionary changes that occur within two or more organisms as a response to interactions between them and the resulting mutual selective pressures that those interactions cause. This chapter discusses coevolutionary mechanisms between human hosts and their pathogens and gives four examples: the relationship between ABO blood groups and disease, genetic variants that have arisen in response to malaria, the evolution of new strains of the influenza A virus, and the evolution of the CCR5-Δ32 variant and associated resistance to HIV infection.
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