Abstract
The increasing prices of petroleum products and their negative effects on the environment, demand a low-cost eco-friendly fuel as an alternative source. Bioalcohols, such as bioethanol and biobutanol, are capable of replacing conventional petroleum fuels. Therefore they are considered to be a future liquid transportation fuel. In the industrial sector, biofuels are widely used as solvents to control microbial contamination and as pollutant-removing agents. Bioalcohols have large global market demand because they emit a lower amount of toxic pollutants into the atmosphere than traditional petroleum products. They can be processed from various organic waste biomasses such as food crops, lignocellulosic biomass, plant materials, starchy biomass, and food waste. Among these, food waste is highly amenable to acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation, due its high sugar monomer content. Processing of bioalcohols from food waste and food processing industrial waste has significantly reduced the production cost of the raw materials used for bioalcohol fermentation.
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