Abstract
Combining biomolecules with materials used in medicine allows for local control of the biological response and can be used for modulating the host immune response, a major challenge in the efficacy of many medical devices. In Subchapter 3.1, we will review different methods used to attach biomolecules to materials, focusing on protein conjugation methods. We will begin by describing noncovalent immobilization strategies, including encapsulation within biomaterials and adsorption to material surfaces. We will then discuss strategies to covalently attach biomolecules to materials via the use of specific functional groups, thus enhancing the stability of the interaction. Finally, we will describe emerging methods to site specifically immobilize biomolecules to materials such that proteins are presented in an oriented manner, improving their overall functionality. Throughout the subchapter, we will emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, successes achieved, as well as the challenges remaining in this growing field.
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