Abstract
This chapter describes an advanced technique used to discern ferroelectric domain structures in three dimensions. In this process, scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (SNDM) determines both the perpendicular and parallel polarization components relative to the sample surface. In addition, Kelvin probe force microscopy is employed to correct for electric fields to allow the assessment of the lateral polarization of ferroelectric domains. This correction allows the azimuthal polarization angle to be precisely determined and provides nanoscale information regarding the domain configuration in multidomain LiTaO3 in three dimensions. Images obtained using the SNDM technique also demonstrate a number of domain features and allow the distribution of the electric field resulting from localized polarization charges at domain boundaries to be visualized.
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