Abstract
The production of crude oil and natural gas occurs in two classes of rock: (i) source rocks and (ii) reservoir rocks, although it is generally believed that most reservoir rocks are not the source rock. Source rocks are sedimentary rocks in which natural gas and crude oil commence formation from organic debris. After forming in the source rock, the hydrocarbons and any hydrocarbon-forming constituents, which can vary from simple structures such as methane to more complex structures, such as those constituents of heavy oil and tar sand bitumen, can migrate to the reservoir rock after which further maturation processes can take place.
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