Abstract
This chapter discusses the regulation of cytochrome biosynthesis in some eukaryotes. Cytochromes involved in respiration cannot be considered apart from the regulation of the mitochondrion. It has become clear that the mitochondrion, where cytochrome oxidase is found, is the organelle of respiration, and that the numbers of cristae within a mitochondrion are related to its oxidative capacity. It seems clear that the appearance of cytochromes on aeration presents the picture of induction of protein synthesis in response to oxygen. The establishment of the role of oxygen in cytochrome induction was important in differentiating this process from de-repression phenomena associated with the main carbon source utilized by the yeast. Thus, it has been known for some time that cultivation of yeast on excess glucose, even in the presence of air, leads to a relatively very low level of cytochromes and reduced chondriome; growth on less readily utilized carbon sources, on the other hand, can give rise to de-repressed formation of the cytochromes, with a concomitant effect on the mitochondria.
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