Abstract

A nucleophile is an electron donor (has an electron pair available for bonding) that bonds to an atom other than hydrogen. A base is an electron donor that bonds to hydrogen. The transformations that result from the action of bases or nucleophiles are numerous and varied. These transformations follow a set of principles and can be categorized leading to a level of understanding that can be applied across many situations. The types of electrophiles, as well as the type of nucleophiles, can have an effect on the transformation. Examples of a few types of processes are described and the rearrangements and outcomes of the action of nucleophiles and base-promoted transformations are presented.

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