Abstract
It is abnormal to find nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) in the blood of a child or adult. However, during the first few days following birth, healthy term neonates have 0 to 3000 NRBC/µL, with an average of 1000/µL, and a mode of 0. NRBC counts at birth that exceed the 95th percentile reference interval for age are sometimes taken as a biomarker that fetal hypoxia had occurred. This chapter provides an update of NRBC counts in newborn infants, provides reference intervals with which to judge whether a NRBC count is normal or elevated, reviews clinical conditions where elevated NRBC counts are observed in newborn infants, and discusses the implications of finding an elevated NRBC count in a neonate.
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