Abstract
Bionanocomposites comprise a nanostructured phase embedded in a bio-based matrix. In most cases, the nanostructured phase is strong and stiff, and has some reinforcement purpose, enhancing mechanical properties when compared to those of the matrix. The incorporation of nanoreinforcements is a useful approach to overcome the usual limitations in tensile and barrier properties of most biopolymers. In other instances, the nanostructured phase provides new functionalities to the material, such as hydrophobicity, active properties (such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, or UV light absorption capacity), or delivery of active compounds. Lignocellullosic materials are the most abundant renewable resource in the world. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are combined together to determine the physical and biological properties of lignocellulosic materials. The cell wall consists of different layers, each one containing cellulose embedded in a matrix of hemicelluloses and lignin. This chapter is focused on the production of lignocellulosic nanostructures, as well as their applications to food packaging purposes.
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