Abstract
This chapter introduces semiconductor light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) which are most often used in fiber-optic communication systems. Starting from pn-junction configuration and the concepts of spontaneous and stimulated emission, basic properties of LED and LD are discussed. While an LED generates incoherent spontaneous emission with broad spectral widths, an LD generates predominately stimulated emission with much narrower spectral linewidth and longer coherence length. Basic properties of LDs, both static and dynamic, are analyzed based on a rate-equation model. Mechanisms of linewidth enhancement factor, modulation chirp, and phase noise in LDs are discussed. Configurations of single-frequency LDs such as DFB, DBR, and external cavity are also discussed, which are the most often used in high-speed optical communication systems. VCSEL is another laser structure which can be made into arrays with low cost.
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