Abstract
This chapter introduces life cycle thinking tools, namely life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA). All the three tools are presented through the practical phases to perform them. LCA methodology is described along with the four phases envisaged by the standards ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006. LCC technique, which is not structured by a specific international standard, is presented according to a methodology proposed by some authors and which comprises 10 steps. S-LCA is described presenting the four phases suggested by the UNEP/SETAC guidelines, published in 2009. Similarities and differences among these three life cycle thinking tools are highlighted and discussed.
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