Abstract

This chapter provides an overview on the instrumental aspects of gas chromatography. The principal function of a gas chromatograph is to provide the conditions required by the column for achieving a separation without adversely affecting its performance in any way. Operation of the column requires a regulated flow of carrier gas; an inlet system to vaporize and mix the sample with the carrier gas; a thermostat oven to optimize the temperature for the separation; an online detector to monitor the separation; and associated electronic components to control and monitor instrument conditions, and record, manipulate, and format the chromatographic data. Individual instruments differ mainly in terms of their control functions, ease of portability, level of automation, and flexibility. Since the early 1990s, most instruments have been designed to accommodate the more demanding requirements for open tubular columns with optional modules available to adapt the basic instrument for packed column applications. The primary functions of a typical gas chromatograph can be broken down into pneumatic, thermal, and electronic system components.

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