Abstract
Zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-guided endonucleases allow site-specific genomic editing. Each of these technologies has enormous therapeutic potential, and ongoing studies have shown their therapeutic potential in various diseases in both mammalian and human stem cell. These technologies use different methods to introduce a double-strand break at the target DNA site, and subsequent gene disruption or editing, depending on which repair pathway is undertaken. Here, we will review these three genetic engineering techniques, describing and comparing their function, efficacy, and use in recent studies.
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