Chapter 3 - Fate, effects, origins, and biodegradation of bisphenol A in wastewater

Abstract

In the present generation, the scientific world is running behind the innovations, developments, and remediation toward the various originated chemical compounds in water and waste water. Although from the statistical data, it was well renowned that 0.3% of total water on earth is utilized as unattainable but still it became hard to use. This is because of pollution and toxic chemical compounds, which comes from various industries and anthropogenic activities. These chemical compounds inhibit into the human, plant, and animal kingdom through copious origin of industries. Mostly the chemical compounds which belong to phenolic groups are mostly reported to be the toxic compounds, which affect the human race. The bisphenols are the group of chemical compounds, whose chemical structures are mostly based on diphenylmethane. The most abundantly known compound in bisphenol group is bisphenol A, which is a derivate of diphenylmethane and bisphenols with the chemical formula C15H16O2. The bisphenol A can be found mostly in water bottles, baby bottles, dental fillings and sealants, dental devices, medical devices, eyeglass lenses, DVDs and CDs, household electronic items, and sports equipment. The above-mentioned accessories are very much essential for every human. In this present study, a comprehensive review was done to find out the fate, effects, source of bisphenol A from wastewater and the remedies through biodegradation of bisphenol A through bacterial community. The study concludes with the most critical effects of bisphenol A in wastewater and the consumption of bisphenols by humans in their daily life.