Abstract
The emergence of a spectrum of infectious and noninfectious diseases such as pathogenic diseases, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, genetic abnormalities, neurological disorders, degenerative, and physiological diseases have consistently thrown challenges regarding their control and management. Timely and accurate diagnosis along with simple, rapid, cost-effective, on-site detection of clinical biomarkers may address most of the requirements for effective monitoring of disease. Electrochemical molecular biosensors facilitate simple, on-site detection, which is rapid, cost-effective, field-portable, and programmable battery-operated instrumentation. It provides an exciting alternative for rapid and economical analytical strategies that can be easily handled by unskilled personnel. Nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors improve the detection limit of various pathogens and circulating biomarkers for disease diagnostics. Nanotechnology can efficiently address the key challenges of diseases monitoring and provide sustainable solutions to the global challenges of detection and monitoring of various types of disease. Future improvisation of electrochemical biosensors requires an inter- and multidisciplinary approach integrating advanced and novel nanocomposites, high-affinity biomolecules, and high-performance electrodes for the fabrication. Integration of signal transduction technology, micro-nanosystems along microfluidic channels may provide biosensors its ordained potential.
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