Abstract
Continuous release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into environmental matrixes accompanied by their interactions with different environmental components require the search for suitably integral techniques for detection, characterization, and quantification. As-synthesized nanoparticles undergo physical, chemical, and biological transformational changes that affect their physicochemical properties when released into the soil. Soil properties (pH, ionic strength, soil pore water, soil colloids, natural organic matters) and ENP characteristics (morphology, speciation, composition) play significant roles in regulating the degree of transformations that occur on ENPs. Hence, it is profoundly difficult to appropriately characterize ENPs in soil. This has thus thrown up different novel and innovative techniques, yet no single technique is extensively comprehensive to provide all information regarding detection and quantification of ENPs in soil. It was on this basis that this chapter was written to discuss ENPs in soil, their transformation alongside reasonable comparison of suitability, availability, and the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used techniques.
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