Abstract

Chitosan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide obtained mainly from the shells of crab, shrimp, lobster, and cuttlefish. The excellent biodegradable and biocompatible nature of chitosan has made it an ideal excipient to pharmaceutical researchers. Being a cationic polymer, chitosan can easily form polymeric complexes with or without the addition of cross-linkers. This ionic behavior of chitosan helps in developing a nanoparticulate delivery system for effective targeting of therapeutic agents in vivo. The mucoadhesive property of chitosan can prolong the residence time by electrostatic interaction and improves bioavailability. Chitosan-based nanoengineered delivery systems are investigated by many scientists in tissue-specific delivery of drugs in to various bio-targets including intestinal targeting, brain targeting, hepatic targeting, lung targeting, transdermal targeting, ocular targeting, and renal targeting. The recent advancement in chitosan-based nanomaterials can play a major role to improve the therapeutic efficacy of a delivery system.

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