Abstract
The blood vessels that supply the muscles may be affected in any of the diseases that involve the vascular system. The most striking changes in the blood capillaries are met in polymyositis and allied conditions in which they increase markedly in number and undergo structural changes. All the elements that take part in the formation of the blood capillaries, namely, the endothelial cells, basement membrane, and pericytes, may exhibit changes. The endothelial cells undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia and, in such circumstances, exhibit a great increase in the number of pinocytotic vesicles at their margins and throughout their cytoplasm. The nucleus of the endothelial cell becomes much larger in size and may be irregular in shape, having several indentations on its surface. Moreover, osmophilic bodies, which may be lipid in nature, may be prominent in the endothelial cell cytoplasm, especially in inflammatory conditions. This chapter discusses the leucocytic infiltration and phagocytosis of the muscle fibers.
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