Abstract
Several strategies have been developed to increase the oral administration of hydrophobic drugs related to neurodegenerative diseases, namely, nanocarriers like polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, and liposomes. Biodegradable polymeric materials, natural or synthetic, are competitive materials, used to formulate controlled release formulations and drug-targeting systems due to their peculiar physicochemical and biological properties. For this purpose they have fundamental advantages above other classes of materials: (1) they improve oral bioavailability; (2) they improve aqueous solubility of hydrophobic drugs; (3) they increase resistance time in the body; and, (4) they target drug to specific sites. This chapter highlights the main advances in polymeric nanocarriers as vehicles for oral-delivery systems used in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. First, a brief introduction into the field of biodegradable polymeric materials used in nanostructures formulation is presented. The next section shows a detailed description of the technologies and recent modifications to improve their specificity (functional surface building), considering their structure and characteristics. Finally, new approaches are presented with clinical applications in neurodegenerative disorders.
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