Abstract
Certain naturally occurring nonprotein amino acids that are present in the human diet elude the gate-keeping function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and become misincorporated in nascent peptides and proteins, changing their structure, function, and antigenicity. Prominent among these is azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze), the lower homolog of proline. Aze, present in small concentrations in all plants, reaches high levels in the bulbous roots of sugar beets and table beets. It is found in sugar beet byproducts that are fed to livestock, and thus it gains entry into milk and meat. Evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that Aze misincorporation may result in disorders of neurodevelopment and autoimmunity.
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