Abstract
A robust corpus of evidence supports an association between neurochemical dysfunction and violence in individuals with a history of alcohol misuse. Specifically, Type 1 alcoholics have been shown to exhibit higher levels of serotonin and decreased dopamine, whereas Type 2 alcoholics tend to display lower levels of serotonin and increased dopamine levels. Both serotonin and dopamine are neurotransmitters modulated by monoamine oxidase-A, an enzyme important to brain structure and function and which may also underlie pathological aggression. Genetic association studies further highlight certain monoamine oxidase-A polymorphisms that on their own or in combination with early adverse events make individuals more vulnerable to the negative effects of alcohol, including violence.
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