Abstract
To overcome the limited capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) for regeneration, the theoretical alternative would be to use stem cells for more effective management of chronic degenerative and inflammatory neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The precise reasons for the progression of disability in MS, despite the increasingly effective immunomodulating therapies, also remain largely obscure and puzzling. Recent findings indicate that progressive disease may be caused by axonal damage and atrophy, but can be also related to compartmentalized inflammation, which is purely amendable to the treatments and may be mediated by humoral mechanisms and cortical and deep gray matter damage. It seems therefore that in order to affect the progressive phases of the disease, alternative neuroprotective modalities are needed and include stem cell cellular therapies.
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