Abstract
Management or treatment of radioactive waste is one of the urgent problems to be solved in the world. To solve this problem, various technologies and knowledge were developed in recent decades for the management of the radioactive wastes. Specifically, geochemical minerals/materials are well designed and applied for the stabilization/solidification of radioactive wastes. The understanding of the geochemical applications related to the nuclear waste management is necessary. This chapter covers some background information on radioactive waste and related geochemistry including potential radionuclides properties, water–minerals interface interaction, etc. Besides, to investigate the in-depth mechanism of radionuclides migration or immobilization in the engineered geochemical matrices is important to evaluate the safety of the treated radioactive wastes. The chapter also introduces geochemical knowledge including general retention mechanism of radionuclides in immobilization matrices, sorption study and related isotherms, surface and bulk analytical techniques, and geochemical modeling. In this chapter, we give a review on the core geochemical processes driving successful radioactive waste disposal and S/S technology development.
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