Abstract
This chapter describes the current astaxanthin (ASX) research development focusing on its safety assessment and pharmaceutical effects. ASX (3,3′-dihydroxy-β and β′-carotene-4,4′-dione) is a naturally occurring carotenoid found mainly in Haematococcus pluvialis (the green microalga) and marine organisms such as microalgae, salmon, and crustaceans. ASX, a nonpolar carotenoid with conjugated double bonds, shown to exhibit greater antioxidant function. Additionally, ASX has well-documented antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antiaging, immunomodulatory, heart protective, and liver protective effects. Significant scientific evidences, including human and animal data, suggest natural ASX as a safe nutrient for food and pharmaceutical application with no side effects. Altogether, natural ASX has gained high prominence in current research making it an attractive and economically potent molecule in the nutraceutical industry.
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