Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is defined by a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25mmHg (as measured by cardiac catheterization). Pulmonary hypertension occurs in a wide range of conditions, which include idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital or acquired heart disease, lung disease, chronic thromboembolism, infection, and connective tissue disorders. Despite some limitations, echocardiography is a very useful tool for assessment of the pulmonary artery pressure. The systolic pulmonary artery pressure can be directly derived from the continuous-wave Doppler of the tricuspid regurgitant jet by the use of the simplified Bernoulli equation. In the absence of tricuspid or pulmonary regurgitation, the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension relies on indirect echocardiographic features, which include the presence of right heart and pulmonary artery dilatation, right ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy, flattening of the interventricular septum, or abnormal flow pattern in the pulmonary artery.
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