Abstract

Ovarian function during the menstrual cycle is controlled by the gonadotropic hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), the secretion of which by the pituitary gland is under the regulation of the hypothalamic decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This chapter summarizes the extant information regarding the mechanisms by which classical feedback relationships between the ovary and the hypothalamic-pituitary unit, together with development-dependent changes in ovarian responsiveness to FSH and LH, govern the maturation of a single ovulatory follicle, its rupture, and formation of a corpus luteum, and why the corpus luteum regresses at the end of nonfertile menstrual cycles but its functional lifespan is prolonged during pregnancy.

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