Abstract
In this update to our original chapter, we describe the evolution in research on overweight status and obesity in relation to cognitive function with an emphasis on: (a) study designs that move backward in time from the diagnosis to the preclinical stages of dementia and even further back in time to childhood in order to understand bidirectional relations between cognition and weight; and (b) the evolution of studies on obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors as major mediators of relations between obesity and cognition to a more recent emphasis on metabolic variables, lifestyle variables, genotype, and other mechanisms that explain relations between weight change, obesity, and cognition. We review methodological and theoretical issues and conclude that a complete understanding of the causal links between weight and cognitive functioning requires a lifespan perspective using prospective and longitudinal designs, randomized-to-treatment clinical trials of weight lowering and cognition, and careful examination of biological and social psychological mediators between weight and cognitive performance.
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