Abstract
Syzygium aromaticum (clove), a taxon of dicotyledonous plants, is a dried, unopened flower bud that belongs to the family Myrtaceae. It is one of the most valuable and second most crucial spice crops in world trade. Since ancient times, cloves have been used in the dental care system as an analgesic and antiseptic agent. The United States Food and Drug Administration listed clove oil as “Generally Regarded as Safe” for human consumption. Cloves essential oil can be obtained from buds, leaves, and plant stem, which differ in their color, flavor, and chemical composition. Good-quality clove essential oil is obtained from buds that are yellow and denser than water. The bud oil is dominated by eugenol, eugenol acetate, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. The composition of clove essential oil may vary depending upon genetic factors, climatic conditions, and cultivation techniques. Clove oil has various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anesthetic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, leishmanicidal, antioxidant, anticancer, nematicidal, herbicidal, acaricidal, and larvicidal. Hence, clove essential oil is considered the most valuable natural resource with immense medicinal properties and is considered one of Mother Nature’s exclusive gifts to humankind.
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