Chapter 26 - Wetland formation and reclamation in the flood prone areas: a case study in Bihar, India

Abstract

Abstract There are various forms of wetland that are of seasonal and permanent nature deprived of development, reclamation, and proper management. Large tracts of North Bihar and Northern part of South Bihar lands are suffering from frequent flooding and droughts affecting agricultural, live stocks, and normal activities of the population at large. Tal and Diara areas are along both sides of the River Ganga in stretches extending up to 100 km in south and nearly it's half in the north gets waterlogged and prolonged submergence during raised levels of flows in Ganga. On the other hand, there is year-round submergence of varying depth and area, mostly in North Bihar, known as Lakes Chaurs and Mauns. Inadequate operation of the irrigation system and embankments are equally responsible to create wetlands. Wetland is not always a wasteland, it can be managed and improved for remunerative economic activities, eco-friendly sustainable environment, and equitable social harmony. Adequate drainage and waterways for cultivation and remaining water bodies for aquatic products and ecology are a viable strategy. If water is managed properly, it may provide wealth and aesthetic treasures of environmental recreation otherwise it creates wet to wasteland, hazardous, unhygienic, and damaging situations.