Abstract
Numerous autoimmune phenomena are reported in malignancies. These autoimmune conditions are regarded as paraneoplastic syndromes or syndromes that cannot be explained by the local effects of the tumor or its metastases. The most common neoplasm associated with autoimmune diseases is thymoma. Thymoma is an epithelial tumor that constitutes approximately 15% of all mediastinal masses. It usually arises in the anterior or anterior-superior mediastinum. The chapter describes the various autoimmune diseases that occur in patients with thymoma: myasthenia gravis (MG), pemphigus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Malignant thymomas, as opposed to benign thymomas, constitute a minority of all epithelial tumors of the thymus. The chapter discusses about the autoimmune diseases in malignant thymomas and the benign thymomas, and the differences. Bone-marrow transplantation is an optional treatment for severe autoimmune diseases. As there is a strong association between thymic pathology and autoimmunity, thymectomy has a beneficial effect on the course of autoimmune diseases.
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