Abstract

A one-off urine collection (spot sample) is a noninvasive sample procedure. An early morning sample is often used which for most individuals will be the urine produced from bedtime to rising, so for an 8–12h urine production. The collection of all voids over 24h is a challenge for many people. A few laboratories still offer analysis of groups of steroids by colorimetric tests of steroids with common structure. These chemical methods for urine steroids as groups based on common structures (17-hydroxycorticosteroids for example) have not been used by the author and will not be discussed. As alternatives to blood and urine there is recourse to other biological fluids and sometimes tissues. In general, more sensitive analytical methods are needed because low concentrations, or the sample size, calibration the amount of the analyte that can be used in the actual analysis. In the modern era, the selection and availability of a suitable matrix is critical in the control of the assay. Results quoted in this chapter will be representative of typical ranges/ratios and should not be used in preference to local values from the laboratory used.

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