Abstract
The abundance and undesirable properties of biomass waste (i.e., low heating value, thermal and chemical instability) have prompted research to valorize and convert biomass waste into value-added products. Efforts have been made to convert biomass waste into biochar via microwave pyrolysis approach toward supporting circular economy and producing environmentally friendly fuels. This is also to provide an alternative to conventional pyrolysis approach using N2 gas purging that results in higher cost and less energy efficiency. In this chapter, we demonstrate the prospects of using microwave heating approaches to improve the sustainability of pyrolysis techniques, including those performing in self-purging and vacuum condition. Self-purging microwave pyrolysis can achieve 650°C–750°C in a short duration (10min) with heating rate up to120°C/min, while microwave vacuum pyrolysis can operate at 400°C 600°C and vacuum pressure ranging from 0.5 to 50.0kPa. Emphasis is placed on the promising features of the approach to produce desirable biochar by utilizing or harvest the bio-oil and syngas from the pyrolysis reactions, demonstrating the potential to improve the product selectivity, energy efficiency and reduce the capital cost investment.
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