Abstract
Fish nodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) disease, which is also known as viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER). In the past two decades, VNN has caused mass mortality in many species of cultured marine fish worldwide. Fish nodavirus is a nonenveloped icosahedral virion with diameter of 25–30nm, containing two single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNAs, and is classified as the Betanodavirus of Nodaviridae. There are four genotypes of betanodavirus with different optimal growth temperatures and different host ranges. In this chapter, the characteristics of the betanodavirus, the phylogenic relationship, the interaction between virus and host fish, the transmission pathways, the progression of viral infection, viral replication cycle, viral protein-induced cytopathogenesis, the diagnosis and control strategies are carefully reviewed and discussed.
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