Abstract
Oxidative stress describes a shift in the complex and tightly controlled balance between antioxidants and prooxidants, in favor of the prooxidants. Radiation is one of the important invisible causes of oxidative stress. There is a great deal of evidence in the literature concerning the deleterious effects of exposure of living organisms to radiation. The biologic effects of radiation can be categorized as either “stochastic,” that is random or unpredictable, or “deterministic” as the direct exposure to a dose of radiation will result in a pathological effect which may vary by magnitude of exposure. Due to the systemic effects of oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many illnesses, there has been a great interest in measuring oxidative stress parameters in medicine. This chapter focuses on the interrelationship of oxidative stress and radiation; biological, molecular, and cancerous effects of radiation; markers of oxidative stress; medical radiation sources; and radiation protection and dosimetry.
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