Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic plant pigments that are present ubiquitously in nature. They are important secondary plant metabolites and are commonly used as natural pigments in foods. Additionally, their consumption has been associated with a decreased risk for a number of diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular disease, age-related macular degeneration, and photosensitivity associated with UV exposure. It is thought that carotenoids have important biological functions related to their provitamin A activity, antioxidant activity, ability to regulate gene transcription, enhancement of gap junction communication, phase II enzyme-inducing activity, and ability to enhance immune function. This chapter briefly describes the proposed mechanisms by which carotenoids may exert such biological functions, as well as summarize the literature, exploring both epidemiological and intervention studies in humans on the relationship between carotenoids and the aforementioned chronic diseases.
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