Abstract
Even though two third of the earth surface is covered with water but, only 1% of it is fresh water, usable by human, trapped underground, rivers, and lakes. However, due to numerous anthropogenic activities using ground water, such as in agriculture and industries, global fresh water reserve diminishing very fast. Moreover, due to proliferating human population, unplanned urbanization, deforestation, sea level rise, and unpredictable weather pattern from global warming, this precious source of fresh water reserve diminishing faster than it can replenish from the natural water cycle. Wastewater, the water which changed its chemical and physical properties, mostly due to various human activities, is becoming more than necessary to enforce recycle for restoring the natural water cycle process. Various treatment process for waste water are known, from primitive sewage collection system and degradation by natural chemical and biological agents, to more advanced multistage industrial wastewater treatment under controlled environment. Depending upon the energy and resource usage, bulkiness of water volume, and environmental impact of the treated water and contaminants, most of the conventional methods have several limitations and applicability. Modern wastewater treatment process using nanotechnology, by the application of various nanomaterials and nanosorbents, is very efficient and cost-effective and greener approach. In this chapter reports about the recently develop technique using nanomaterial for the treatment of drinking water, municipal sewage water and industrial effluent (petrochemical, textile, biomedical, chemical, etc.) has been discussed in terms of their environmental effect, cost effectiveness, mechanism of action, and future prospect.
Published Version
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