Chapter 22 - Thermochemical routes applying biomass: a critical assessment

Abstract

The drastic increase in the consumption of petroleum-based fuels in combination with environmental pollution has made the energy sector turn its attention toward alternative energy resources. Biomass is a prospective and readily available renewable feedstock that is converted into bioenergy with possibly little or no environmental damage. Thermochemical conversion (TCC) processes are very old technologies that have been used since ancient times in many parts of the world and have an in-depth scientific history. Biomass is the only renewable feedstock that is possibly converted into the purest form of energy via thermochemical conversion routes. Biomass contains a significant amount of moisture along with both organic and inorganic components. The organic portion present in the biomass contributes toward its calorific value. This chapter discusses different routes for the TCC of biomass and its application in industries for the manufacture of fuels and chemicals. In addition, this chapter also focuses on the advantages and limitations of TCC technologies. Subsequently, technoeconomic assessments and recent advancements in this technology are also presented wherever necessary.