Abstract
Frequent air pollution incidents have attracted wide attention in China since 2011. Particle contaminant, also known as particulate matter or PM, is small in diameter and may enter the lungs, leading to serious health problems. Sichuan basin, located in southwest China, has become one of the four smoggy regions in China. This chapter summarizes the methods to study the characteristics, sources, and health risk assessment of PM and presents a case study in Chengdu, a megacity in Sichuan province. Annual distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants were discussed. The concentration of metals in particulate matters was determined and compared with the China National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-2012). The microscopic morphology characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter were revealed by SEM-EDX, and the main air pollution sources were distinguished. Enrichment factor (EF) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were applied to identify pollution sources. The health risks of the atmospheric environment in this area were evaluated from the perspective of particle mass concentration. Health risk assessment results also indicated that chromium can be carcinogenic to both children and adults, and arsenic was observed to be above the threshold.
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